Morbus Iff organizes his LEGO bricks into tackle/bead divider boxes for the smallest pieces (which paradoxically then take up the most amount of room but are far more accessible), and zip bags for larger pieces (which are then shoved into larger drawer bins). The following is forever in-progress. Images from http://www.peeron.com/. This is not meant to list every piece I have (Brickset + Peeron FTW), but rather to indicate where like items go.
Bin 1: The Commons
Bags "BR01" to "BR09": Bricks
Bags "PL01" to "PL09": Plates
PL08: Wing 8 x 8
with 4 x 4 Cutout
PL08: Wing 3 x 4 with 1 x 2 Cutout without Stud Notches
PL08: Plate 3 x 6 without Corners
PL08: Plate 3 x 3 without Corner
Bin 2: Oddities, Technics, Advanced
Bag "S01": Slopes Inverted
Slope Brick 45 4 x 4 Double Inverted
Slope Brick 45 4 x 2 Double Inverted
Slope Brick 45 3 x 1 Inverted Double
Slope Brick 45 2 x 2 Inverted Double Convex
Slope Brick 45
2 x 2 Inverted
Slope Brick 45
2 x 1 Inverted
Slope Brick 33
3 x 2 Inverted
Slope Brick 33
3 x 1 Inverted
Bags "T05", "T06", and "T07": Technic Plates and Bricks
T05: Technic Plates
1 x n with Holes
T05: Technic Plates
2 x n with Holes
T06: Technic Bricks
(<= 1 x 4) with Holes
T07: Technic Bricks
(>= 1 x 6) with Holes
Bag "TR01": Train Tracks and Etc.
Bags "W01" and "W02": Wheels, Wedges, and Wehicles
W01: Large individual wheels, various parts
W02: Plate 2 x 2 with Wheels Holder (+ tires)
W02: Plate 2 x 2 with Wheel Holder (+ tires)
W02: Bike 2 Wheel Motorcycle (+ tires)
W02: Bike 2 Wheel Motorcycle (assembled)
W02: Car Bases, various parts
W02: Small doors, various parts
W02: Car Steering Stand and Wheel
W02: Wedge
4 x 4 Triple Inverted
W02: Bracket
8 x 2 x 1 & 1/3
W02: Bracket
5 x 2 x 2 & 1/3
W02: Plane Jet Engine with Plate 1 x 2
W02: Plate 2 x 2 with Jet Engine
W02: Plate 1 x 2 with Jet Engine and Axle Hole
W02: Support 2 x 4 x 5 Stanchion Inclined
Bag "X01": Potpourri
Support 2 x 2 x 5
Lattice Pillar
Panel Wall
3 x 3 x 6 Corner
Plate 8 x 8 with
Grille without Hole
Hinge 7 x 3 Radar Blade Spoiler Panel with Yellow Radar Pattern
Round Dish 6 x 6 Inverted Webbed -
Type 1
Hinge Window Frame
1 x 4 x 3 with Octagonal Panel
Technic Disc
8 x 8 Saw Blade
Cylinder 3 x 6 x
2 2/3 Horizontal
Technic Cylinder 4 x 4 x 2 with 3 Pin Holes and Center Bar
Technic Wishbone Suspension Arm
Various Bionicle-, Hero Factory-like pieces
Divider Box 1: Tiny Things
Plate 1 x 2 with
Handles Type 2
Plate 1 x 2 with
Handle Type 1
Plate 1 x 2 with
Handle Type 2
Plate 1 x 2 with
Handle on End
Brick 1 x 1 with
Clip Vertical
Plate 1 x 1 with Clip Horizontal - Type 1
Plate 1 x 1 with Clip Vertical - Type 3
Plate 1 x 1 with Clip Light - Type 2
Brick 1 x 1 Round with Hollow Stud
Round Dish 2 x 2 Inverted
Divider Box 2: Tiles and SNOTs
Slope Brick
31 1 x 1 x 2/3
Brick 2 x 4
with Curved Top
Slope 18 2 x 1
x 2/3 Grille
Tile 1 x 2 Grille without Groove
Brick 1 x 4 with
Studs on Side
Brick 2 x 4 x 2 with
Studs on Side
Brick 1 x 2 x 2.3 with Studs on Sides
Brick 1 x 1
with Headlight
Divider Box 3: Small Technic Pieces
Technic Axle Joiner Inline Smooth
Technic Axle
Joiner Offset
Technic Connector 2 x 3 with Ball Socket and Smooth Sides
Technic Bush with Three Axles
Technic Pole
Reverser Handle
Technic Axle
Joiner Perpendicular
Technic Beam 2 Liftarm with Hole and Axlehole
Technic Beam 2 with Handle
Technic Beam
3 x 0.5 Liftarm
Technic Beam 4 x 0.5 Liftarm with Boss
Technic Connector Toggle Joint Toothed
Technic Pin
1/2 with Bar 2L
Technic Pin Long
with Friction
Technic Pin Long
with Stop Bush
Technic Pin with
Friction and Slots
Technic Gear
14 Tooth Bevel
Technic Gear 24 Tooth Crown Type III (x ptrn)
Technic Gear 24 Tooth with Three Axleholes
Technic Engine Crankshaft
Technic Engine Connecting Rod
Technic Engine Crankshaft Centre
Technic Engine
Cylinder Head
Technic Shock Absorber 6.5L
Technic Steering
Wheel Small